What is the term for the process that involves separating parties in a dispute, listening to both sides, and proposing a solution?

The term that describes the process of separating parties in a dispute, listening to both sides, and proposing a solution is mediation. Mediation involves a neutral third party who facilitates a discussion between the conflicting parties, allowing them to express their concerns and perspectives. The mediator does not impose a decision but instead helps the parties communicate to develop a mutually acceptable solution. This process is often less adversarial than other forms of dispute resolution, promoting collaboration and understanding.

In contrast, negotiation typically involves the parties directly communicating with each other to resolve their differences without a third-party facilitator. Arbitration, on the other hand, is a more formal process where an arbitrator makes binding decisions on the parties based on the arguments and evidence presented. Conciliation is similar to mediation but often involves a more proactive facilitator who may suggest specific terms of settlement. Each of these processes has its unique characteristics, but the distinguishing feature of mediation is the role of the mediator in facilitating dialogue and encouraging consensus.