Which action would not typically demonstrate fairness?

Making decisions based on personal preference does not demonstrate fairness because it introduces bias and undermines objective judgment. Fairness requires that all individuals involved in a situation are treated equally and that decisions are made based on relevant information, facts, and the circumstances at hand, rather than on subjective feelings or favoritism.

In contrast, the other options represent actions that foster fairness. Providing all parties an equal opportunity to speak ensures that everyone has a voice and can present their perspective. Considering the context of the situation allows for a more informed and just decision-making process, as one weighs the factors that influence the scenario. Listening to all sides before making a decision exemplifies a commitment to thoroughness and equitability, ensuring that no opinion is dismissed without consideration. Each of these actions promotes an atmosphere of fairness, while relying on personal preference clearly detracts from that goal.